chore: 更新后端配置、Docker部署及前端API请求配置

Co-Authored-By: Claude <noreply@anthropic.com>

backend/app/main.py

@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 from fastapi import FastAPI
+from fastapi.middleware.cors import CORSMiddleware
 
 from app.api.v1.router import api_router
 from app.core.config import get_settings
@@ -10,6 +11,13 @@ def create_app() -> FastAPI:
     configure_logging(settings)
 
     app = FastAPI(title=settings.app_name)
+    app.add_middleware(
+        CORSMiddleware,
+        allow_origins=settings.cors_allow_origins,
+        allow_credentials=True,
+        allow_methods=["*"],
+        allow_headers=["*"],
+    )
     setup_request_logging(app)
     app.include_router(api_router, prefix=settings.route_prefix)
     return app