diff --git a/frontend/src/composables/usePolling.ts b/frontend/src/composables/usePolling.ts
index e922131..bee684c 100644
--- a/frontend/src/composables/usePolling.ts
+++ b/frontend/src/composables/usePolling.ts
@@ -1,20 +1,82 @@
-import { useIntervalFn } from '@vueuse/core'
+import { onBeforeUnmount, onMounted, ref } from 'vue'
+
+interface PollingOptions {
+  /** 启动后是否立即执行一次，默认立即执行。 */
+  immediate?: boolean
+  /** 页面不可见时是否暂停，默认暂停。 */
+  pauseWhenHidden?: boolean
+  /** 轮询函数抛错时的可选回调。 */
+  onError?: (error: unknown) => void
+}
 
 /**
  * 轮询 composable
- * 封装 useIntervalFn，自动在组件卸载时清理
+ * 串行轮询：上一轮完成后才安排下一轮，避免慢请求重叠和旧响应覆盖。
+ * 页面进入后台时自动暂停，恢复可见后立即刷新；组件卸载时自动清理。
  */
-export function usePolling(fn: () => void | Promise<void>, interval = 5000, immediate = true) {
-  const { pause, resume } = useIntervalFn(fn, interval, { immediate })
+export function usePolling(
+  fn: () => void | Promise<void>,
+  interval: number | (() => number) = 5000,
+  options: PollingOptions = {},
+) {
+  const { immediate = true, pauseWhenHidden = true, onError } = options
+  const isActive = ref(false)
+  const isRunning = ref(false)
+  let timer: ReturnType<typeof setTimeout> | null = null
+
+  function clearTimer() {
+    if (!timer) return
+    clearTimeout(timer)
+    timer = null
+  }
+
+  function schedule() {
+    clearTimer()
+    if (!isActive.value) return
+    if (pauseWhenHidden && document.hidden) return
+    const delay = typeof interval === 'function' ? interval() : interval
+    timer = setTimeout(() => void run(), Math.max(0, delay))
+  }
+
+  async function run() {
+    clearTimer()
+    if (!isActive.value || isRunning.value) return
+    if (pauseWhenHidden && document.hidden) return
+
+    isRunning.value = true
+    try {
+      await fn()
+    } catch (error) {
+      onError?.(error)
+    } finally {
+      isRunning.value = false
+      schedule()
+    }
+  }
 
   function stop() {
-    pause()
+    isActive.value = false
+    clearTimer()
   }
 
   function start() {
-    if (immediate) fn()
-    resume()
+    if (isActive.value) return
+    isActive.value = true
+    if (immediate) void run()
+    else schedule()
   }
 
-  return { start, stop, pause, resume }
+  function handleVisibilityChange() {
+    if (!pauseWhenHidden || !isActive.value) return
+    if (document.hidden) clearTimer()
+    else void run()
+  }
+
+  onMounted(() => document.addEventListener('visibilitychange', handleVisibilityChange))
+  onBeforeUnmount(() => {
+    stop()
+    document.removeEventListener('visibilitychange', handleVisibilityChange)
+  })
+
+  return { start, stop, run, isActive, isRunning }
 }