feat: 细化差旅票据费用明细分类并自动计算出差补贴

将差旅费用明细拆分为火车票、机票、住宿票、乘车等细分类
型，根据票据字段自动生成行程/事由描述，结合规则引擎自
动计算出差补贴金额，前端适配费用明细编辑和差旅票据审
核交互，补充单元测试覆盖。

web/src/services/reimbursements.js

@@ -12,6 +12,13 @@ export function fetchExpenseClaimDetail(claimId) {
   return apiRequest(`/reimbursements/claims/${encodeURIComponent(String(claimId || '').trim())}`)
 }
 
+export function updateExpenseClaim(claimId, payload = {}) {
+  return apiRequest(`/reimbursements/claims/${encodeURIComponent(String(claimId || '').trim())}`, {
+    method: 'PATCH',
+    body: JSON.stringify(payload)
+  })
+}
+
 export function calculateTravelReimbursement(payload = {}) {
   return apiRequest('/reimbursements/travel-calculator', {
     method: 'POST',