feat: 细化差旅票据费用明细分类并自动计算出差补贴

将差旅费用明细拆分为火车票、机票、住宿票、乘车等细分类
型，根据票据字段自动生成行程/事由描述，结合规则引擎自
动计算出差补贴金额，前端适配费用明细编辑和差旅票据审
核交互，补充单元测试覆盖。

server/tests/test_expense_claim_service.py

@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ from app.models.financial_record import ExpenseClaim, ExpenseClaimItem
 from app.models.organization import OrganizationUnit
 from app.schemas.ontology import OntologyParseRequest
 from app.schemas.ocr import OcrRecognizeBatchRead, OcrRecognizeDocumentRead
-from app.schemas.reimbursement import ExpenseClaimItemCreate, ExpenseClaimItemUpdate
+from app.schemas.reimbursement import ExpenseClaimItemCreate, ExpenseClaimItemUpdate, ExpenseClaimUpdate
 from app.services.agent_conversations import AgentConversationService
 from app.services.expense_claims import ExpenseClaimService
 from app.services.ontology import SemanticOntologyService
@@ -405,6 +405,92 @@ def test_upsert_draft_from_ontology_supports_link_or_create_for_multi_documents(
         assert float(new_claim.amount) == 50.5
 
 
+def test_upsert_travel_draft_uses_ticket_item_types_and_auto_allowance() -> None:
+    user_id = "travel-allowance@example.com"
+
+    with build_session() as db:
+        employee = Employee(
+            employee_no="E5010",
+            name="差旅员工",
+            email=user_id,
+            grade="P4",
+        )
+        db.add(employee)
+        db.commit()
+
+        ontology = SemanticOntologyService(db).parse(
+            OntologyParseRequest(
+                query="我去北京出差 3 天，上传了火车票，帮我生成差旅费报销草稿",
+                user_id=user_id,
+            )
+        )
+        result = ExpenseClaimService(db).upsert_draft_from_ontology(
+            run_id=ontology.run_id,
+            user_id=user_id,
+            message="我去北京出差 3 天，上传了火车票，帮我生成差旅费报销草稿",
+            ontology=ontology,
+            context_json={
+                "name": "差旅员工",
+                "grade": "P4",
+                "attachment_names": ["train-ticket.png"],
+                "attachment_count": 1,
+                "review_form_values": {
+                    "expense_type": "差旅费",
+                    "location": "北京",
+                    "time_range": "2026-05-13 至 2026-05-15",
+                },
+                "business_time_context": {
+                    "mode": "range",
+                    "start_date": "2026-05-13",
+                    "end_date": "2026-05-15",
+                    "display_value": "2026-05-13 至 2026-05-15",
+                },
+                "ocr_documents": [
+                    {
+                        "filename": "train-ticket.png",
+                        "document_type": "train_ticket",
+                        "document_type_label": "火车/高铁票",
+                        "scene_code": "travel",
+                        "scene_label": "差旅费",
+                        "summary": "中国铁路电子客票 广州南-北京南 二等座 票价 354 元",
+                        "text": "中国铁路电子客票 广州南-北京南 二等座 票价:￥354.00",
+                        "document_fields": [
+                            {"key": "amount", "label": "票价", "value": "￥354.00"},
+                            {"key": "route", "label": "行程", "value": "广州南-北京南"},
+                        ],
+                    }
+                ],
+            },
+        )
+
+        claim = db.get(ExpenseClaim, result["claim_id"])
+        assert claim is not None
+        assert claim.expense_type == "travel"
+        assert claim.invoice_count == 1
+        assert len(claim.items) == 2
+        train_item = next(item for item in claim.items if item.item_type == "train_ticket")
+        allowance_item = next(item for item in claim.items if item.item_type == "travel_allowance")
+        assert train_item.item_amount == Decimal("354.00")
+        assert train_item.item_reason == "从广州南到北京南"
+        assert allowance_item.item_amount == Decimal("300.00")
+        assert allowance_item.invoice_id is None
+        assert allowance_item.is_system_generated is True
+        assert claim.amount == Decimal("654.00")
+
+        with pytest.raises(ValueError, match="系统自动计算"):
+            ExpenseClaimService(db).update_claim_item(
+                claim_id=claim.id,
+                item_id=allowance_item.id,
+                payload=ExpenseClaimItemUpdate(item_amount=Decimal("1.00")),
+                current_user=CurrentUserContext(
+                    username=user_id,
+                    name="差旅员工",
+                    role_codes=[],
+                    is_admin=False,
+                ),
+            )
+
+
 def test_upsert_draft_from_ontology_updates_returned_claim_and_preserves_return_events() -> None:
     user_id = "returned-owner@example.com"
     return_flag = {
@@ -635,6 +721,42 @@ def test_create_claim_item_adds_blank_draft_row_without_forcing_attachment() ->
         assert new_item.invoice_id is None
 
 
+def test_update_claim_reason_only_allows_draft_pending_submission() -> None:
+    current_user = CurrentUserContext(
+        username="emp-1",
+        name="张三",
+        role_codes=[],
+        is_admin=False,
+    )
+
+    with build_session() as db:
+        claim = build_claim(expense_type="travel", location="北京")
+        db.add(claim)
+        db.commit()
+
+        service = ExpenseClaimService(db)
+        updated = service.update_claim(
+            claim_id=claim.id,
+            payload=ExpenseClaimUpdate(reason="去北京客户现场出差，处理项目验收事项"),
+            current_user=current_user,
+        )
+
+        assert updated is not None
+        assert updated.reason == "去北京客户现场出差，处理项目验收事项"
+
+        claim.status = "submitted"
+        claim.submitted_at = datetime(2026, 5, 14, tzinfo=UTC)
+        claim.approval_stage = "直属领导审批"
+        db.commit()
+
+        with pytest.raises(ValueError, match="草稿待提交"):
+            service.update_claim(
+                claim_id=claim.id,
+                payload=ExpenseClaimUpdate(reason="提交后不能改"),
+                current_user=current_user,
+            )
+
+
 def test_update_claim_item_reanalyzes_existing_attachment(monkeypatch, tmp_path) -> None:
     current_user = CurrentUserContext(
         username="emp-1",
@@ -785,6 +907,8 @@ def test_upload_train_ticket_attachment_backfills_item_amount(monkeypatch, tmp_p
         assert updated["claim_amount"] == Decimal("354.00")
         db.refresh(claim)
         assert claim.items[0].item_amount == Decimal("354.00")
+        assert claim.items[0].item_type == "train_ticket"
+        assert claim.items[0].item_reason == "从广州南到北京南"
         assert claim.amount == Decimal("354.00")
         uploaded_meta = service.get_claim_item_attachment_meta(
             claim_id=claim.id,
@@ -799,6 +923,75 @@ def test_upload_train_ticket_attachment_backfills_item_amount(monkeypatch, tmp_p
         )
 
 
+def test_upload_ride_receipt_backfills_item_reason_from_addresses(monkeypatch, tmp_path) -> None:
+    current_user = CurrentUserContext(
+        username="emp-1",
+        name="张三",
+        role_codes=[],
+        is_admin=False,
+    )
+
+    def fake_recognize(
+        self,
+        files: list[tuple[str, bytes, str | None]],
+    ) -> OcrRecognizeBatchRead:
+        return OcrRecognizeBatchRead(
+            total_file_count=1,
+            success_count=1,
+            documents=[
+                OcrRecognizeDocumentRead(
+                    filename="ride-receipt.png",
+                    media_type="image/png",
+                    text="滴滴出行订单 起点：深圳北站 终点：腾讯滨海大厦 实付金额：42.00元",
+                    summary="滴滴出行乘车票据，深圳北站到腾讯滨海大厦，金额 42 元。",
+                    avg_score=0.98,
+                    line_count=1,
+                    page_count=1,
+                    document_type="taxi_receipt",
+                    document_type_label="出租车/网约车票据",
+                    scene_code="transport",
+                    scene_label="交通票据",
+                    document_fields=[
+                        {"key": "start_location", "label": "起点", "value": "深圳北站"},
+                        {"key": "end_location", "label": "终点", "value": "腾讯滨海大厦"},
+                        {"key": "amount", "label": "实付金额", "value": "42.00元"},
+                    ],
+                )
+            ],
+        )
+
+    monkeypatch.setattr(OcrService, "recognize_files", fake_recognize)
+    monkeypatch.setattr(ExpenseClaimService, "_get_attachment_storage_root", lambda self: tmp_path)
+
+    with build_session() as db:
+        claim = build_claim(expense_type="transport", location="深圳")
+        claim.amount = Decimal("0.00")
+        claim.invoice_count = 0
+        claim.items[0].item_type = "transport"
+        claim.items[0].item_reason = "打车报销"
+        claim.items[0].item_amount = Decimal("0.00")
+        claim.items[0].invoice_id = None
+        db.add(claim)
+        db.commit()
+
+        service = ExpenseClaimService(db)
+        updated = service.upload_claim_item_attachment(
+            claim_id=claim.id,
+            item_id=claim.items[0].id,
+            filename="ride-receipt.png",
+            content=b"fake-image-bytes",
+            media_type="image/png",
+            current_user=current_user,
+        )
+
+        assert updated is not None
+        db.refresh(claim)
+        assert claim.items[0].item_type == "ride_ticket"
+        assert claim.items[0].item_reason == "从深圳北站到腾讯滨海大厦"
+        assert claim.items[0].item_amount == Decimal("42.00")
+        assert claim.amount == Decimal("42.00")
+
+
 def test_delete_claim_item_removes_row_and_attachment_files(monkeypatch, tmp_path) -> None:
     current_user = CurrentUserContext(
         username="emp-1",