diff --git a/document/development/工作台费用进度详情返回与类型列/CONCEPT.md b/document/development/工作台费用进度详情返回与类型列/CONCEPT.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f028dc1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/document/development/工作台费用进度详情返回与类型列/CONCEPT.md
@@ -0,0 +1,75 @@
+# 工作台费用进度详情返回与类型列概念文档
+
+## 功能一句话
+
+让用户从首页费用进度进入单据详情后能返回首页，并在费用进度列表中直接看到每笔单据的费用类型。
+
+## 背景与问题
+
+当前首页费用进度点击单据后进入详情页，但详情页返回按钮默认回到单据中心，破坏了用户从首页查看进度的上下文。同时费用进度行只展示单号、标题、流程、状态和金额，用户需要点进详情才知道单据属于差旅、招待、办公等哪类费用。
+
+## 目标与非目标
+
+目标：
+
+- 从首页费用进度进入详情时，详情页返回按钮回到个人工作台。
+- 从单据中心进入详情时，原有返回单据中心逻辑不变。
+- 在首页费用进度行新增“费用类型”列。
+- 费用类型优先使用单据已有类型字段，缺失时按标题、场景和备注轻量归类。
+
+非目标：
+
+- 不修改详情页主体内容。
+- 不新增后端接口。
+- 不改变单据中心列表、审批详情和其他来源的返回逻辑。
+
+## 用户与场景
+
+个人员工在首页查看最近费用进度，点击某笔单据进入详情核对处理情况。查看完后点击返回，应回到刚才的首页工作台继续看其他进度项，而不是跳到单据中心列表。
+
+## 功能能力
+
+- 首页打开详情时带入 `returnTo=workbench` 来源标记。
+- 详情页根据来源标记动态显示返回按钮文案并执行返回首页。
+- 费用进度数据新增 `expenseTypeLabel`。
+- 费用类型列在桌面端作为独立列展示，窄屏下按移动端布局折行展示。
+
+## 方案设计
+
+前端实现：
+
+- `PersonalWorkbench.vue` 在 `open-document` 事件 payload 中补 `source: 'workbench'` 和 `returnTo: 'workbench'`。
+- `AppShellRouteView.vue` 接收工作台来源并传给 `openRequestDetail`。
+- `useAppShell.js` 在打开详情时写入查询参数，在关闭详情时根据查询参数返回工作台或单据中心。
+- `workbenchSummary.js` 在 `progressItems` 中补费用类型字段。
+- `personal-workbench.css` 与响应式样式新增费用类型列。
+
+## 算法与公式
+
+当前功能不涉及复杂数学公式。
+
+费用类型归类优先级：
+
+1. 单据显式字段：`expenseCategory`、`expense_type`、`category` 等。
+2. 文本规则：从场景、标题、备注和描述中匹配差旅、招待、办公、培训、市场等关键词。
+3. 兜底为“其他费用”。
+
+## 测试方案
+
+- 源码测试确认首页费用进度打开详情时带 `returnTo=workbench`。
+- 源码测试确认详情返回文案和关闭逻辑支持工作台来源。
+- 单元测试确认 `progressItems` 输出费用类型字段。
+- 源码测试确认费用进度模板和样式包含费用类型列。
+- 运行前端定向测试与构建。
+
+## 指标与验收
+
+- 从首页费用进度进入详情后，返回按钮回到个人工作台。
+- 从单据中心进入详情后，返回按钮仍回到单据中心。
+- 首页费用进度行可直接看到费用类型。
+- 相关定向测试与前端构建通过。
+
+## 风险与开放问题
+
+- 当前费用类型归类仍是前端轻量归类。后续若后端已有稳定 ontology 类型字段，应优先接入 canonical 字段。
+- 路由查询参数只用于详情返回来源，不应影响单据筛选和详情数据加载。
diff --git a/document/development/工作台费用进度详情返回与类型列/TODO.md b/document/development/工作台费用进度详情返回与类型列/TODO.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b31ddde
--- /dev/null
+++ b/document/development/工作台费用进度详情返回与类型列/TODO.md
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+# 工作台费用进度详情返回与类型列 TODO
+
+## 调研与契约
+
+- [x] 核对首页费用进度点击链路、详情页返回逻辑和当前进度行样式。[CONCEPT: 方案设计] 证据：已确认 `PersonalWorkbench.vue` 发出 `open-document`，`AppShellRouteView.vue` 转入详情，`useAppShell.js` 默认返回单据中心。
+- [x] 明确来源标记与费用类型字段的前端契约。[CONCEPT: 功能能力] 证据：采用 `returnTo: 'workbench'` 与 `expenseTypeLabel`。
+
+## 前端实现
+
+- [x] 首页费用进度打开详情时带入工作台返回来源。[CONCEPT: 方案设计] 证据：`PersonalWorkbench.vue` 的 `open-document` payload 已包含 `source` 与 `returnTo`。
+- [x] 详情页关闭逻辑按来源返回工作台或单据中心。[CONCEPT: 功能能力] 证据：`useAppShell.js` 根据 `route.query.returnTo` 选择 `app-workbench` 或 `app-documents`。
+- [x] 工作台进度汇总新增费用类型字段。[CONCEPT: 功能能力] 证据：`workbenchSummary.js` 的 `progressItems` 输出 `expenseTypeLabel`。
+- [x] 首页费用进度行新增费用类型列及响应式样式。[CONCEPT: 指标与验收] 证据：`PersonalWorkbench.vue` 新增 `progress-type`，样式和响应式布局已更新。
+
+## 测试与验证
+
+- [x] 补充详情返回来源源码测试。[CONCEPT: 测试方案] 证据：`node web/tests/workbench-detail-return.test.mjs` 通过。
+- [x] 补充费用进度类型列源码测试。[CONCEPT: 测试方案] 证据：`node web/tests/personal-workbench-assistant.test.mjs` 通过。
+- [x] 补充工作台汇总单元测试，覆盖费用类型字段。[CONCEPT: 测试方案] 证据：`node web/tests/workbench-summary.test.mjs` 通过。
+- [x] 运行定向测试和前端构建。[CONCEPT: 指标与验收] 证据：以上定向测试和 `npm.cmd --prefix web run build` 均通过。
+
+## 交付
+
+- [x] 复查暂存范围，避免纳入无关工作区改动。[CONCEPT: 风险与开放问题] 证据：`git diff --cached --name-only` 仅包含本次工作台进度、返回来源、测试和开发文档。
+- [ ] 提交并 push 本次功能分支。[CONCEPT: 指标与验收]
diff --git a/web/src/assets/styles/components/personal-workbench-responsive.css b/web/src/assets/styles/components/personal-workbench-responsive.css
index 9231a54..af46d9a 100644
--- a/web/src/assets/styles/components/personal-workbench-responsive.css
+++ b/web/src/assets/styles/components/personal-workbench-responsive.css
@@ -96,7 +96,7 @@
   }
 
   .progress-row {
-    grid-template-columns: minmax(72px, 0.42fr) minmax(126px, 0.86fr) minmax(270px, 1.32fr) minmax(86px, auto);
+    grid-template-columns: minmax(72px, 0.4fr) minmax(122px, 0.72fr) minmax(78px, 0.42fr) minmax(238px, 1.18fr) minmax(86px, auto);
     gap: 12px;
   }
 }
@@ -328,6 +328,7 @@
     grid-template-columns: minmax(70px, auto) 1fr minmax(74px, auto);
     grid-template-areas:
       "time identity result"
+      "type type type"
       "steps steps steps";
     gap: 8px;
     padding: 10px 0;
@@ -356,6 +357,11 @@
     font-size: 11px;
   }
 
+  .progress-type {
+    grid-area: type;
+    width: 100%;
+  }
+
   .progress-result {
     grid-area: result;
     width: 100%;
diff --git a/web/src/assets/styles/components/personal-workbench.css b/web/src/assets/styles/components/personal-workbench.css
index fa4ae32..afa5eb8 100644
--- a/web/src/assets/styles/components/personal-workbench.css
+++ b/web/src/assets/styles/components/personal-workbench.css
@@ -525,6 +525,38 @@
   white-space: nowrap;
 }
 
+.progress-type {
+  min-width: 0;
+  display: grid;
+  justify-items: start;
+  gap: 3px;
+}
+
+.progress-type small {
+  color: var(--workbench-muted);
+  font-size: 10px;
+  font-weight: 750;
+  line-height: 1.2;
+}
+
+.progress-type strong {
+  max-width: 100%;
+  overflow: hidden;
+  display: inline-flex;
+  align-items: center;
+  min-height: 22px;
+  padding: 0 8px;
+  border: 1px solid rgba(var(--theme-primary-rgb, 58, 124, 165), 0.18);
+  border-radius: 4px;
+  background: rgba(var(--theme-primary-rgb, 58, 124, 165), 0.08);
+  color: var(--workbench-primary-active);
+  font-size: 11.5px;
+  font-weight: 850;
+  line-height: 1.2;
+  text-overflow: ellipsis;
+  white-space: nowrap;
+}
+
 .progress-status {
   display: inline-flex;
   align-items: center;
@@ -555,7 +587,7 @@
 .progress-row {
   position: relative;
   display: grid;
-  grid-template-columns: minmax(78px, 0.44fr) minmax(138px, 0.86fr) minmax(300px, 1.46fr) minmax(92px, auto);
+  grid-template-columns: minmax(78px, 0.42fr) minmax(132px, 0.74fr) minmax(84px, 0.42fr) minmax(260px, 1.28fr) minmax(92px, auto);
   align-items: center;
   gap: 12px;
   width: 100%;
@@ -605,6 +637,7 @@
 
 .progress-time,
 .progress-identity,
+.progress-type,
 .progress-result {
   min-width: 0;
   display: grid;
diff --git a/web/src/components/business/PersonalWorkbench.vue b/web/src/components/business/PersonalWorkbench.vue
index ac1c12e..6b360a1 100644
--- a/web/src/components/business/PersonalWorkbench.vue
+++ b/web/src/components/business/PersonalWorkbench.vue
@@ -215,6 +215,11 @@
               <small>{{ item.title }}</small>
             </span>
 
+            <span class="progress-type" :title="item.expenseTypeLabel || '其他费用'">
+              <small>费用类型</small>
+              <strong>{{ item.expenseTypeLabel || '其他费用' }}</strong>
+            </span>
+
             <span class="progress-steps" aria-hidden="true">
               <span
                 v-for="step in item.steps"
@@ -665,6 +670,8 @@ function openWorkbenchTarget(item) {
   const target = item?.target || {}
   if (target.type === 'document' && (target.id || target.claimNo)) {
     emit('open-document', {
+      source: 'workbench',
+      returnTo: 'workbench',
       claimId: target.id,
       id: target.id || target.claimNo,
       claimNo: target.claimNo
diff --git a/web/src/composables/useAppShell.js b/web/src/composables/useAppShell.js
index 2fbdbc3..a3201ed 100644
--- a/web/src/composables/useAppShell.js
+++ b/web/src/composables/useAppShell.js
@@ -95,6 +95,10 @@ export function useAppShell() {
   })
 
   const detailMode = computed(() => route.name === 'app-document-detail')
+  const detailReturnTarget = computed(() => String(route.query.returnTo || '').trim())
+  const detailBackLabel = computed(() => (
+    detailReturnTarget.value === 'workbench' ? '返回首页' : '返回单据中心'
+  ))
   const detailAlerts = computed(() => (
     detailMode.value
       ? buildDetailAlerts(selectedRequest.value, { currentUser: currentUser.value })
@@ -398,16 +402,38 @@ export function useAppShell() {
     )
   }
 
-  function openRequestDetail(request) {
+  function buildDocumentDetailQuery(options = {}) {
+    const nextQuery = { ...route.query }
+    const returnTo = String(options.returnTo || '').trim()
+    if (returnTo === 'workbench') {
+      nextQuery.returnTo = 'workbench'
+    } else {
+      delete nextQuery.returnTo
+    }
+    return nextQuery
+  }
+
+  function buildDocumentReturnQuery() {
+    const { returnTo, ...nextQuery } = route.query
+    return nextQuery
+  }
+
+  function openRequestDetail(request, options = {}) {
     selectedRequestSnapshot.value = request || null
     router.push({
       name: 'app-document-detail',
-      params: { requestId: request.claimId || request.id }
+      params: { requestId: request.claimId || request.id },
+      query: buildDocumentDetailQuery(options)
     })
   }
 
   function closeRequestDetail() {
-    router.push({ name: 'app-documents' })
+    if (detailReturnTarget.value === 'workbench') {
+      router.push({ name: 'app-workbench' })
+      return
+    }
+
+    router.push({ name: 'app-documents', query: buildDocumentReturnQuery() })
   }
 
   async function handleRequestUpdated() {
@@ -423,7 +449,7 @@ export function useAppShell() {
 
     await reloadRequests()
     selectedRequestSnapshot.value = null
-    router.push({ name: 'app-documents' })
+    router.push({ name: 'app-documents', query: buildDocumentReturnQuery() })
   }
 
   return {
@@ -465,6 +491,7 @@ export function useAppShell() {
     smartEntryRevealToken,
     smartEntrySessionId,
     detailAlerts,
+    detailBackLabel,
     toast,
     topBarView
   }
diff --git a/web/src/utils/workbenchSummary.js b/web/src/utils/workbenchSummary.js
index 4777731..50b08cd 100644
--- a/web/src/utils/workbenchSummary.js
+++ b/web/src/utils/workbenchSummary.js
@@ -247,6 +247,7 @@ function buildProgressItems(ownedRequests) {
         id: requestId,
         requestId,
         title,
+        expenseTypeLabel: resolveExpenseCategory(request),
         amount: formatCurrency(request?.amount),
         status: normalizeText(request?.approvalStatus || currentStep?.label) || '处理中',
         statusTone: resolveProgressStatusTone(normalizeText(request?.approvalKey)),
diff --git a/web/src/views/AppShellRouteView.vue b/web/src/views/AppShellRouteView.vue
index 1bffedc..45a6aa4 100644
--- a/web/src/views/AppShellRouteView.vue
+++ b/web/src/views/AppShellRouteView.vue
@@ -132,7 +132,7 @@
         <TravelRequestDetailView
           v-else-if="activeView === 'documents' && detailMode && selectedRequest"
           :request="selectedRequest"
-          back-label="返回单据中心"
+          :back-label="detailBackLabel"
           @back-to-requests="closeRequestDetail"
           @open-assistant="openSmartEntry"
           @request-updated="handleRequestUpdated"
@@ -279,6 +279,7 @@ const {
   closeSmartEntry,
   customRange,
   detailAlerts,
+  detailBackLabel,
   detailMode,
   documentCenterRefreshToken,
   filteredRequests,
@@ -370,7 +371,14 @@ function openWorkbenchDocument(payload = {}) {
     || String(item.id || '').trim() === requestId
     || String(item.claimNo || '').trim() === requestId
   ))
-  openRequestDetail(request || payload)
+  const returnTo = (
+    String(payload.returnTo || '').trim() === 'workbench'
+    || String(payload.source || '').trim() === 'workbench'
+    || activeView.value === 'workbench'
+  )
+    ? 'workbench'
+    : ''
+  openRequestDetail(request || payload, { returnTo })
 }
 
 function handleLogout() {
diff --git a/web/tests/personal-workbench-assistant.test.mjs b/web/tests/personal-workbench-assistant.test.mjs
index 6a8240c..c95ca88 100644
--- a/web/tests/personal-workbench-assistant.test.mjs
+++ b/web/tests/personal-workbench-assistant.test.mjs
@@ -145,6 +145,11 @@ test('workbench submit shows intent recognition feedback before assistant opens'
 
 test('workbench progress rows show update time first', () => {
   assert.match(workbench, /class="progress-time"/)
+  assert.match(workbench, /class="progress-type"/)
+  assert.match(workbench, /费用类型/)
+  assert.match(workbench, /\{\{ item\.expenseTypeLabel \|\| '其他费用' \}\}/)
+  assert.match(workbench, /source:\s*'workbench'/)
+  assert.match(workbench, /returnTo:\s*'workbench'/)
   assert.match(workbench, /has-long-duration-divider/)
   assert.match(workbench, /hasLongDurationDivider/)
   assert.match(workbench, /const LONG_DURATION_DAYS = 10/)
@@ -153,13 +158,15 @@ test('workbench progress rows show update time first', () => {
   assert.match(workbench, /displayTime: formatProgressTime\(item\?\.updatedAt\)/)
   assert.match(workbench, /function formatProgressTime\(value\)/)
   assert.doesNotMatch(workbench, />全部进度/)
-  assert.match(workbenchStyles, /\.progress-row\s*\{[\s\S]*grid-template-columns:\s*minmax\(78px,\s*0\.44fr\)/)
+  assert.match(workbenchStyles, /\.progress-row\s*\{[\s\S]*grid-template-columns:\s*minmax\(78px,\s*0\.42fr\)[\s\S]*minmax\(84px,\s*0\.42fr\)/)
+  assert.match(workbenchStyles, /\.progress-type strong\s*\{[\s\S]*var\(--workbench-primary-active\)/)
   assert.match(workbenchStyles, /\.progress-row\.has-long-duration-divider::before\s*\{[\s\S]*content:\s*"10日以上"/)
   assert.match(workbenchStyles, /\.progress-row\.has-long-duration-divider::before\s*\{[\s\S]*left:\s*50%;[\s\S]*transform:\s*translateX\(-50%\);/)
   assert.match(workbenchStyles, /\.progress-row\.has-long-duration-divider::before\s*\{[\s\S]*color:\s*var\(--theme-primary-active\);/)
   assert.match(workbenchStyles, /\.progress-row\.has-long-duration-divider::after\s*\{[\s\S]*rgba\(var\(--theme-primary-rgb/)
   assert.match(workbenchStyles, /\.progress-time\s*\{[\s\S]*color:\s*var\(--workbench-muted\);/)
-  assert.match(workbenchResponsiveStyles, /grid-template-areas:[\s\S]*"time identity result"[\s\S]*"steps steps steps"/)
+  assert.match(workbenchResponsiveStyles, /grid-template-areas:[\s\S]*"time identity result"[\s\S]*"type type type"[\s\S]*"steps steps steps"/)
+  assert.match(workbenchResponsiveStyles, /\.progress-type\s*\{[\s\S]*grid-area:\s*type;/)
 })
 
 test('workbench expense stats detail opens a local modal instead of the assistant', () => {
diff --git a/web/tests/workbench-detail-return.test.mjs b/web/tests/workbench-detail-return.test.mjs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d9fe2a6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/web/tests/workbench-detail-return.test.mjs
@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+import assert from 'node:assert/strict'
+import { readFileSync } from 'node:fs'
+import test from 'node:test'
+import { fileURLToPath } from 'node:url'
+
+const appShell = readFileSync(
+  fileURLToPath(new URL('../src/views/AppShellRouteView.vue', import.meta.url)),
+  'utf8'
+)
+const appShellComposable = readFileSync(
+  fileURLToPath(new URL('../src/composables/useAppShell.js', import.meta.url)),
+  'utf8'
+)
+const workbench = readFileSync(
+  fileURLToPath(new URL('../src/components/business/PersonalWorkbench.vue', import.meta.url)),
+  'utf8'
+)
+
+test('workbench document detail keeps workbench as the return target', () => {
+  assert.match(workbench, /source:\s*'workbench'/)
+  assert.match(workbench, /returnTo:\s*'workbench'/)
+  assert.match(appShell, /:back-label="detailBackLabel"/)
+  assert.match(appShell, /String\(payload\.returnTo \|\| ''\)\.trim\(\) === 'workbench'/)
+  assert.match(appShell, /String\(payload\.source \|\| ''\)\.trim\(\) === 'workbench'/)
+  assert.match(appShell, /openRequestDetail\(request \|\| payload,\s*\{ returnTo \}\)/)
+  assert.match(appShellComposable, /const detailReturnTarget = computed/)
+  assert.match(appShellComposable, /detailReturnTarget\.value === 'workbench' \? '返回首页' : '返回单据中心'/)
+  assert.match(appShellComposable, /nextQuery\.returnTo = 'workbench'/)
+  assert.match(appShellComposable, /router\.push\(\{ name: 'app-workbench' \}\)/)
+  assert.match(appShellComposable, /router\.push\(\{ name: 'app-documents', query: buildDocumentReturnQuery\(\) \}\)/)
+})
diff --git a/web/tests/workbench-summary.test.mjs b/web/tests/workbench-summary.test.mjs
index 5906585..4c484f4 100644
--- a/web/tests/workbench-summary.test.mjs
+++ b/web/tests/workbench-summary.test.mjs
@@ -75,6 +75,7 @@ test('workbench summary builds real user notifications and progress from request
     summary.progressItems[0].steps.map((step) => step.label),
     ['创建单据', '待提交', '直属领导审批', '财务审批']
   )
+  assert.equal(summary.progressItems[0].expenseTypeLabel, '差旅交通')
   assert.equal(summary.notifications.length, 1)
   assert.equal(summary.unreadNotificationCount, 1)
   assert.equal(summary.expenseStatsDetail.distributionRows[0].label, '差旅交通')